{"id":1827,"date":"2020-04-30T12:38:43","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T11:38:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fuel4design.aho.no\/?page_id=1827"},"modified":"2021-02-03T16:44:42","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T15:44:42","slug":"unit-1-4-futures-design-and-time","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/unit-1-4-futures-design-and-time\/","title":{"rendered":"Design Futures Lexicon &#8211; Unit 1.4. Futures Design and Time"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-1 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_2_3 fusion-builder-column-2 fusion-two-third 2_3\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:66.66%;width:calc(66.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.6666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_4_5  fusion-four-fifth fusion-column-first 4_5\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;width:80%;width:calc(80% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.8 ) );margin-right:4%;'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-1\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/design-futures-lexicon-themes-and-units\/#theme-1\"><span style=\"color: #e65c4a;\">THEME 1: INTRODUCTION TO F4D LEXICON<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_5  fusion-one-fifth fusion-column-last fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper 1_5\"  style='margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 0px;width:20%;width:calc(20% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.2 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\" data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-fa-align-left\"><i class=\"fontawesome-icon fa-list fas circle-no\" style=\"font-size:22px;margin-right:11px;color:#e65c4a;\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/design-futures-lexicon-themes-and-units\/#theme-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:31px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;color:#e65c4a;\"><h2><span style=\"color: #e65c4a; font-size: 42px;\">UNIT 1.4.<br \/>\nFUTURES DESIGN AND TIME<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1  fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1\"  style='margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-3\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:10px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h2>AIMS<\/h2><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>This unit aims to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">introduce key aspects of time in futures design<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to elaborate on conceptions of time and futures futures<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">connect time, design and design futures literacies<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1  fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1\"  style='margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-4\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:10px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h2>MATERIALS<\/h2><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/futures-design\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FUTURES DESIGN<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/1248-2\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50 FUTURES DESIGN WORDS (Words only)<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/essential-250-futures-design-words-words-only\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">250 FUTURES DESIGN WORDS (Words only)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2  fusion-one-half fusion-column-first 1_2\"  style='margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:48%; margin-right:4%;'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-5\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:10px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h2>TIME<\/h2><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>1 hour<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-3 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-4 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_2_3 fusion-builder-column-5 fusion-two-third 2_3\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:66.66%;width:calc(66.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.6666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e65c4a;border-top-width:2px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top: 30px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-7 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-builder-column-8 fusion-one-half 1_2\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text\"><h2>1. IN THE MIDST OF TIME<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As humans and as designers and designer researchers we perceive time, we live and design in and with time. Yet time may not be explicitly addressed as a design material. All design and design work, though, is based in working in time, in the form of project and processes as well as the perceived, potential and actual uses of design artifacts and the context, events and implications and effects they may have.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time in the abstract simply exists independent of us and our design, designing and ways people take up and alter, enact and connect what is designed. Yet we need to work within plans and outcomes, engage in processes that may be indefinite and contingent upon sets of factors or inputs or uses. FUTURES DESIGN needs to formulate and fabricate with time as it were. It needs to understand, design for, provide means to and review work developed across and within and above past, present and futures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As humans we work within our psychological conceptualisations and perceptions of time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our psychological understanding of time can be broadly placed in two categories, according to Block and Zakay (1996):<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">existing time that pulses, that is marked out by sensory processes, and<\/span><\/li>\n<li>cognitive models of time that are durational and experiential. Block and Zakay refer to time a) as exiting with a timer and b) as without a timer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time can also be understood as distributed and imagined. It exists across space, actions and forces.It is also part of what we are uniquely able to do, namely create imagined, speculative events and spaces in the past, present and future, through art and design. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4 fusion-builder-column-9 fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-last 1_4\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.25 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top: 5px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-10 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-builder-column-11 fusion-one-half 1_2\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"border:2px solid #e65c4a;padding: 10px 15px 0px 15px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text\"><p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; color: #e65c4a;\">ACTIVITY #1: THINKING ABOUT TIME, LANGUAGE AND DESIGN<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.\u2019TICK TOCK\u2019.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What does this expression refer to? Can you hear it in the world and what are your associations with it? What does the expression tell us about our ideas and practices concerning time?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>2. Go online, find and read an article on how time has been constructed, with units and its applications in modern industrial economies.<\/p>\n<p>3. What words are used to explain the nature and structure of time as it applies to factories, business and the organisation of daily life?<\/p>\n<p>4. Write a short paragraph summarising what you have read, underlining all words and phrases referring to time.<\/p>\n<p>5. Look up the social media app TIKTOK.\u00a0 What aspect of time is embedded in this application? How long are the videos? How are they combined and within what units of time? <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the communicative effect of these combinations concerning how a narrative, or a process or a set of elements is gathered?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. <\/span>\u2018TICKLE-TIME\u2019.<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a made up term, or a neologism. It joins together two words and suggests more than them apart. What does it suggest to you ?<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The point here is to think about how time moves. And how it works in space and helps construct space.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>7. Think about how, when and where and by whom and through what structures, processes, actions and agency it shifts and changes, and may have power to transform an entity or an activity or person, group or organisation. How does this relate to a part of your current project or design activity, in learning and as research?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. Time can be moved, it is sensitive, it connects and is realised in space and motion. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We will go into these matters in detail below.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_3 fusion-builder-column-12 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last 1_3\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:33.33%;width:calc(33.33% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.3333 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top: 30px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-13 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-builder-column-14 fusion-one-half 1_2\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text\"><h2>3. TIME AS MATERIAL IN FUTURES DESIGN<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At first glance, working with futures seems to refer to time ahead of now and the past. This is the case at a simple level but in effect working with time as a material in FUTURES DESIGN needs us to be aware of both the character, context, force and effects of events, artifact creation and use in both the past and the present.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In short, designing with \u2018futures time\u2019 needs us to reflect on what has been designed previously but ahead of its time, as well as how we work with time in the present to understand the past and perceive possible, potential and post-present contexts and events and activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here designer\u2019s own agency and their perceptions of potential, prospective and speculative uses of designed artifacts and processes impacts hugely on how people can engage creatively and critically with futures.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4 fusion-builder-column-15 fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-last 1_4\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.25 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top: 30px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-16 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-builder-column-17 fusion-one-half 1_2\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text\"><h2>4. AFTER FORESIGHT<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We don\u2019t mean that the future can be designed in some mode of directed, given planning, in a mode of linear prediction. Strong work in futures is done in the domain of Foresight Studies. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Typically this work is based on a view of foresight as strategic planning and decision-making. Foresight has important roles to play in involving participation and change. It\u2019s focus, however, is generally not on how futures involves design and and practices of designing nor does it include design centred constructionist inquiry to any great degree. Design is also not hugely present in Futures Studies where Foresight has predominated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contemporary views of design are seldom included in Futures Studies and foresight work. Today and elsewhere, Design is seen as more than finding solutions and resolutions and of a confirmatory mode of knowing as opposed to problem finding. Design is understood in an exploratory mode of knowing. It teases out potentialities and possibilities and engages with contingencies, complex systems and participatory, interactive and service perspectives. That design also works in societal and cultural aspects of need, engagement and communication is also central.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is room for closer connections between Futures Studies and Design. This Is embodied in the recent online book by Stuart Candy and Cher Potter (2019) called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Design and Futures.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4 fusion-builder-column-18 fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-last 1_4\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.25 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top: 5px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-19 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-builder-column-20 fusion-one-half 1_2\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"border:2px solid #e65c4a;padding: 10px 10px 0px 15px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text\"><p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; color: #e65c4a;\">ACTIVITY #2: UNPACKING THE TERM FORESIGHT<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1. What does after foresight mean in general terms?<\/p>\n<p>2. Look up how the term foresight is used in Futures Studies and studies of foresight. Write down a key definition used by specialists in these areas.<br \/>\nAs a designer and designer researcher how well does this fit in with how you work and how you use the shaping of futures by design?<\/p>\n<p>3. What other terms are used in design that contrast with the view that the future can be \u2018seen ahead of time\u2019? Make a list of your own or with a fellow student.<\/p>\n<p>4. Consult the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/1248-2\/\">50 FUTURES DESIGN WORDS (Words only)<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/essential-250-futures-design-words-words-only\/\">250 FUTURES DESIGN WORDS (Words only)<\/a> and see which of your terms are listed, and which others you might add to your list.<\/p>\n<p>5. Go to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/338129083_Design_and_Futures\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PDF of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Futures and Design<\/span><\/i><\/a> book by Candy and Potter and select one chapter and read it through, paying close attention to the futures words used.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_3 fusion-builder-column-21 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last 1_3\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:33.33%;width:calc(33.33% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.3333 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top: 30px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-22 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-builder-column-23 fusion-one-half 1_2\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-text\"><h2>5. SINGULAR AND PLURAL<\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Today we talk of futures in the plural, not the future as a singular entity or stretch, just as came to talk of histories not history as a singular construct. Think for a moment about time and futures. Do we actually mean one notion of time as well? What do you think the following mean: a) Time of the future, b) Time in the future, c) Time about the future, and d) Time for the future.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4 fusion-builder-column-24 fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-last 1_4\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.25 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-9 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top: 30px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-25 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-builder-column-26 fusion-one-half 1_2\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_2_3  fusion-two-third fusion-column-first 2_3\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:66.66%;width:calc(66.66% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.6666 ) );margin-right:4%;'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-6\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:31px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h2><span style=\"font-size: 22px;\">Download this UNIT in printable format:\u00a0<\/span><\/h2><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_3  fusion-one-third fusion-column-last 1_3\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:33.33%;width:calc(33.33% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.3333 ) );'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-7\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><div class=\"fusion-button-wrapper fusion-alignright\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-button.button-1 .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-1 i {color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1 .fusion-button-icon-divider{border-color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1:hover .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-1:hover i,.fusion-button.button-1:focus .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-1:focus i,.fusion-button.button-1:active .fusion-button-text, .fusion-button.button-1:active{color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1:hover .fusion-button-icon-divider, .fusion-button.button-1:hover .fusion-button-icon-divider, .fusion-button.button-1:active .fusion-button-icon-divider{border-color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1:hover, .fusion-button.button-1:focus, .fusion-button.button-1:active{border-color:#ffffff;}.fusion-button.button-1 {border-color:#ffffff;border-radius:0px;}.fusion-button.button-1{background: #e65c4a;}.fusion-button.button-1:hover,.button-1:focus,.fusion-button.button-1:active{background: #e65c4a;}<\/style><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\"><i class=\"fa-file-download fas button-icon-left\"><\/i><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Print Version<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_3 fusion-builder-column-27 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last 1_3\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:33.33%;width:calc(33.33% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.3333 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-10 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 30px;margin-top: 50px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-28 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2 fusion-builder-column-29 fusion-one-half 1_2\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;color:#e65c4a;\"><h1><span style=\"color: #e65c4a;\">SEE MORE<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h1><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e65c4a;border-top-width:2px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:-10px;margin-bottom:30px;\"><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h4>Readings<\/h4><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adam, Barbara, and Chris Groves. 2007. Future Matters: Action, Knowledge, Ethics. Lieden: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brill.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Martinussen, Einear Sneve, and Ted Matthews. 2019. \u201cFuture Faceting: Exploring multifaceted urban futures through interaction and service-design.\u201d Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Anticipation, Oslo School of Architecture and Design, 9-12 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">October 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">McFarlane, Colin. 2011. Learning the City: Knowledge and Translocal Assemblage. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chichester: 1110 Wiley-Blackwell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Miller, Riel. 2007. \u201cFutures literacy.\u201d Futures 39(4): 341\u2013362.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voros, John. 2003. \u201cA generic foresight process framework.\u201d Foresight 5(3): 10-21.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h4>Tools<\/h4><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Reference item.<\/p>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-10 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h4>Projects<\/h4><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Reference item.<\/p>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-11 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h4>Research<\/h4><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Reference item.<\/p>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-12 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><h4>Modules<\/h4><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Reference item.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_3 fusion-builder-column-30 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last 1_3\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:33.33%;width:calc(33.33% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.3333 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-11 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top: 0px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-31 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_2_3 fusion-builder-column-32 fusion-two-third 2_3\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:66.66%;width:calc(66.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.6666 ) );margin-right: 4%;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-13 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:10px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;color:#e65c4a;\"><h1><span style=\"color: #e65c4a;\">CONTRIBUTE TO THIS UNIT!<\/span><\/h1><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e65c4a;border-top-width:2px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:-10px;margin-bottom:30px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Future Education and Literacy for Designers (FUEL4Design) is an open project.<br \/>\nYou are invited to contribute by presenting your own use of this UNIT as well as share feedback on this resource.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2  fusion-one-half fusion-column-first 1_2\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right:4%;'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-8\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-14 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><span style=\"font-size: 22px; font-family: Vitesse Sans Bold;\">WHAT<\/span><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>An addition or comment to a UNIT or the use of an ESSENTIAL you see as appropriate.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2  fusion-one-half fusion-column-last 1_2\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-9\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-15 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><span style=\"font-size: 22px; font-family: Vitesse Sans Bold;\">WHY<\/span><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Making a contribution will help connect the LEXICON to other work, innovations, settings and persons.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2  fusion-one-half fusion-column-first 1_2\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right:4%;'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-10\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-16 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><span style=\"font-size: 22px; font-family: Vitesse Sans Bold;\">WHERE<\/span><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Your contribution can be related to the content of the LEXICON, to the work you do or that of others.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_2  fusion-one-half fusion-column-last 1_2\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-wrapper-11\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-17 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><h1 class=\"title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><span style=\"font-size: 22px; font-family: Vitesse Sans Bold;\">HOW<\/span><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text\"><p>Send your suggestions, cases, courses, projects and additions to: contactus@fuel4design.org<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_6 fusion-builder-column-33 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last 1_6\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;width:16.66%;width:calc(16.66% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.1666 ) );'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"   data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1827","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1827"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1827"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3844,"href":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1827\/revisions\/3844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fuel4design.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}